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PACIFIC STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY

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ORCANA (2) was built in 1903 by Alex Stephen & Sons at Glasgow with a tonnage of 6793grt, a length of 454ft 10in, a beam of 55ft and a service speed of 15 knots. She was built as the Miltiades for the Aberdeen Line and commenced her maiden voyage from London - to Sydney via Cape Town and Melbourne on 3rd November 1903. In 1913 she was lengthened to 504ft 4in, which increased her tonnage to 7814grt, and given a second dummy funnel. She was requisitioned as a troopship in 1915 and returned to commercial service to Australia on 4th June 1920. At the end of 1920 she was purchased by Royal Mail and renamed Orcana. She was transferred to PSNC in 1922 as a replacement for the three 'O's which were transferred to the North Atlantic. On 11th August 1922 she commenced the intended 'Round South America' service, Liverpool - Montevideo - Valparaiso - Panama Canal - Liverpool but as she was expensive to operate after one voyage she was laid up, firstly at Liverpool and then at Dartmouth. In 1924 she was towed to Holland and broken up at Hendrik-ido-Ambracht.

ORUBA (2) was built in 1904 by Alex Stephen & Sons at Glasgow with a tonnage of 6795grt, a length of 454ft 10in, a beam of 55ft and a service speed of 15 knots. She was launched as the Marathon for the Aberdeen Line on 18th November 1903 and commenced her maiden voyage from London to Sydney via Cape Town and Melbourne on 27th January 1904. In 1912 she was lengthened in the same manner as her sister, the Orcana, which increased her tonnage to 7848grt. In 1915 she was requisitioned for troopship duties. She returned to Aberdeen Line's Australia service on 21st October 1920 but only made one voyage before she was sold to Royal Mail Line and renamed Oruba. In the following year she was transferred to PSNC and on 26th May 1921 commenced the South American 'Round America Service'. Being expensive to operate she was laid up in 1922, firstly at Liverpool and then at Dartmouth and was broken up in Germany during 1924.

LAGUNA was built in 1923 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 6466grt, a length of 420ft 6in, a beam of 54ft 2in and a service speed of 12 knots. She began operating in 1923 via the Panama Canal and after an uneventful career was broken up at Barrow-in-Furness in 1952.

OROYA (3) was built in 1923 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 12257grt, a length of 525ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 14 knots. Although launched on 16th December 1920 she was immediately laid up in an incomplete state due to a lack of South American passenger traffic. She eventually commenced her maiden voyage on 22nd March 1923 from Liverpool to Valparaiso via the Panama Canal. On 8th September 1931 she was laid up at Dartmouth and remained there until December 1938 when she was sold for breaking up. She left Dartmouth on 1st February 1939 under tow of Smit's tug Rode See bound for La Spezia in Italy where she was scrapped.

LORETO was built in 1919 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 6682grt, a length of 406ft 2in, a beam of 54ft 2in and a service speed of 12 knots. She was built as the Glenade for Glen Line in 1919 and acquired by PSNC in 1924. On 22nd February 1941, under the command of Capt. Philip Hockey, she avoided a confrontation with the German cruisers Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau by steaming into a fog bank when 400 miles off Newfoundland. She was the only ship out of a convoy of six to avoid destruction. In 1951 she was sold to Motor Lines Ltd of Greenock and renamed Barbeta. She was broken up at Briton Ferry in November 1952.

LORIGA was built in 1919 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 6665grt, a length of 406ft 2in, a beam of 54ft 2in and a service speed of 12 knots. She was built as the Glenariffe for Glen Line and purchased by PSNC in 1924 and renamed Loriga. In 1951 she was sold to Ocean Transportation Co. of Panama, renamed Oceanus Venus and broken up in Japan during 1953.

LAGARTO was built in 1915 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 5075grt, a length of 385ft 1in, a beam of 52ft 2in and a service speed of 12 knots. She was built as the Glenavy for Glen Line in 1915 and acquired by PSNC in 1924 who renamed her Lagarto. After an uneventful career she was broken up at Troon in 1948.

TEMUCO was built in 1925 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 110grt, a length of 86ft, and a beam of 19ft. She was built as a tug and water tender at Valparaiso and sold locally in 1942.

CHAMPERICO was built in 1911 by Caledon Shipbuilding Co. at Dundee with a tonnage of 2548grt, a length of 290ft 1in, a beam of 41ft 8in and a service speed of 12 knots. She was built as the Andorinha for Yeoward Bros. of Liverpool for their Liverpool - Madeira - Canary Island service. Acquired by PSNC and renamed Champerico in 1917 she was placed on coastal passenger services along the Peruvian and Central American coasts. She was sold to Torres y Ward Cia. of Valparaiso in 1934 and renamed Vina del Mar after a local holiday resort. During the 1930's she was transferred to the Chilean State Railways and in 1950 was transferred with the entire fleet into Empresa Maritima del Estado de Chilena, the State Marine. It is believed that she was broken up in 1966 although only classified by Lloyds until 1960.

REINA DEL PACIFICO was built in 1931 by Harland & Wolff at Glasgow with a tonnage of 17702grt, a length of 551ft 4in, a beam of 76ft 4in and a service speed of 18 knots. When launched on 23rd September 1930 she was PSNC's largest ship, the first with a white hull and the first passenger ship with a name which didn't begin with 'O'. After a 3 day shake down cruise in the North Sea she commenced her maiden voyage on 9th April 1931 from Liverpool - La Rochelle - Vigo - Bermuda - Bahamas - Havana - Jamaica - Panama Canal - Guayaquil - Callao - Antofagasta - Valparaiso. The total passage time was 25.5 days. On 19th January 1932 she recommenced a 'Round South America' which was undertaken once annually. In 1936 she completed the voyage to Valparaiso in a record 25 days. On 3rd August 1939, after arriving at Liverpool, she was despatched to the Clyde where she was put on standby pending the outbreak of war. When war was declared on 3rd September she left the Clyde as part of a 17 ship convoy bound for the Far East. After one voyage to Halifax in December 1939 she returned to Liverpool where she was converted into a troopship. On 11th April she sailed from the Clyde with four other troopships bound for Harstad in Norway and the Bygden Fjord where they steamed in circles for two hours while the Fjord was depth charged by the escorts. She was bombed during the embarkation but suffered no damage. In the following May she returned to Norway to evacuate troops and then proceeded to West Africa. On 24th July 1940 she sailed for Suez via Cape Town with RAF personnel, their Spitfires being carried by the accompanying aircraft carrier Argus. She repeated the same voyage on 14th November. In January 1941 she carried the 4th Indian Division from Suez to Port Sudan from where the troops proceeded to Ethopia. Back in Avonmouth by the March she was bombed for three successive nights but suffered no damage. Moved to the Clyde she was bombed again but incurred no damage. On 22nd March 1941 and loaded with troops she struck a submerged object in the Bristol Channel and shed a propeller forcing her to return to Liverpool for repairs. Whilst in Liverpool she was subjected to air attacks on 15th April but although a delayed action bomb exploded in the water alongside she suffered no damage and left on time with troops bound for Cape Town. After a second voyage to South Africa she undertook North Atlantic crossings out of Halifax before commencing a voyage from Liverpool - Cape Town - Bombay - Colombo - Liverpool. On 12th April 1942 she repeated the voyage to Colombo. She made one trip to North America on 6th August to fetch US and Canadian troops and when she returned to Liverpool she was dry docked, repainted and the lifeboats replaced with landing craft. On 13th September she proceeded to the Clyde and, together with other troopships, commenced practice landing operations. These continued until 17th October when a full rehearsal for the North Africa landings were undertaken at Loch Linne. On 21st October she embarked troops for the 'Z' landing at Oran and as flagship to Senior Naval Officer Landing proceeded to the Mediterranean. As the Algiers force had to be 24 hours ahead of the Oran force the Reina del Pacifico, at one stage, had to steam on a reverse course for 8 hours so that she could sail through the Straits of Gibraltar in darkness. At 15.30hrs on 7th November she met up with the equipment ships and then, at 20.00hrs, rendez-voused with the marker submarine. By 23.30hrs she was in position, one of 102 ships assembled for the landing operation. At 07.00hrs on the following morning her landing craft were disembarked and went to the assembly area where they proceeded ashore. The Reina del Pacifico later berthed in Oran harbour. By 24th November she was back in the Clyde embarking reinforcements for Algiers. On 5th January 1943 she took reinforcements to Oran and later in the year, on 5th May, arrived at Suez to begin practicing for the Sicily landings. On 29th June she embarked the 51st Highland Division landing them at Avola Beach, Sicily on 10th July. She then sailed to Malta before proceeding to Oran where she evacuated 500 German prisoners of war. During this time she was twice attacked by the Luftwaffe. On 23rd July she arrived back in the Clyde. In the following August she carried King Peter of Jugoslavia, together with his entourage, from Liverpool to Suez from where she proceeded to Taranto and Port Augustus with troops. When she was in Sicily she embarked the U. S. First Division H. Q. Staff for passage to Britain where they began preparations for the Normandy landings. On 15th November 1943 she sailed form Liverpool to Bombay in a convoy of 20 ships carrying troops. The convoy was attacked on 26th November by 60 aircraft and Lamport and Holt's Delius was the only loss. Three days later the convoy was again attacked by 24 JU 88's but although they scored several hits no ships were lost. In January 1944 she sailed on a trooping voyage to East Africa and then spent ten months ferrying troops in the Mediterranean. In December of 1944 she sailed from Liverpool to New York with a call in Iceland before going to the Pacific where she continued trooping duties until the end of hostilities. During 1946 she was deployed as a Repatriation ship sailing some 350,000 miles and returning some 150,000 men and women of over 20 nationalities to their homelands. In January 1947 she returned to her builders where she was refurbished. As her fittings, removed when she was converted for war duties, had been destroyed during the bombing new furniture was installed. Her sea trials commenced on 10th September and on the following day the outer No.2 engine overheated and blew up killing 28 engine room personnel. She returned to service in 1948 on the Liverpool - Valparaiso service, a year later than anticipated. On 8th July 1957 she went aground on Devil's Flat, Bermuda and came off two days later without incurring any damage. In the following November she lost a propeller in Havana and a new one was delivered by the Salinas. On 27th April 1958 she sailed on her last voyage before being withdrawn from service and subsequent scrapping at the BISCO yard of John Cashmore at Newport in Monmouthshire. One of the shi's anchors is exhibited at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.

TALCA (3) was built in 1943 by Bethlehem Fairfield Shipyard Inc. at Baltimore, Maryland with a tonnage of 7219grt, a length of 42ft 9in, a beam of 57ft and a service speed of 14 knots. She was laid down as the Orville P. Taylor and completed as the Samothrace for management by Royal Mail Lines. Acquired by PSNC in 1947 she was renamed Talca. In 1953 she was sold to Cia. Naviera Aris S. A. of Puerto Limon, Costa Rica and renamed Popi. Eight years later she was sold to Atlas Maritime Finance Corp of Beirut and renamed Lydia. After a further six years service she was broken up at Whampoa, China in July 1967.

SAMANCO was built in 1943 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6413grt, a length of 466ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 15 knots. On 17th October 1951 she collided with Prudential Steam Ship Co's George Uhler off Dungeness. She was sold to Deutsche Dampschiff "Hansa" and renamed Reichenfels in 1956. In 1962 she was finally broken up in Spain.

SARMIENTO (2) was built in 1945 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6393grt, a length of 466ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 15 knots. Sister of the Samanco she was completed in October 1945 and remained with the company until 1969 when she was sold to Monomachos Cia Nav. S. A. of Piraeus and renamed Monomachos. In the following year she became the Gladiator under the ownership of Eagle Ocean Shipping Co. of Famagusta in Cyprus. On 28th February 1971 she sailed from Havana bound for Shanghai where she was broken up.
(Photo: John Clarkson Collection)

SALAMANCA was built in 1948 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6704grt, a length of 467ft, a beam of 62ft and a service speed of 13 knots. An "S" class ship she entered service on the UK - Bermuda - Bahamas - Cuba - Colombia - Panama - Colombia (Pacific) - Ecuador - Peru - Chile run. She was sold to El Chaco Cia. Nav. S. A. of Piraeus and renamed Kronos. On 17th October 1972 she sailed from Singapore bound for Shanghai where she was broken up.

SALINAS was built in 1947 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6705grt, a length of 466ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 15 knots. Similar to the Samanco she was completed in November 1947. During the Suez crisis in 1956 she was taken over as a Store ship. In 1968 she was sold for £160,000 to Polyfimos Cia. Nav. of Greece and renamed Polyfimos. On 6th December 1972 she sailed from Singapore bound for Shanghai where she was broken up. (Photo: Fotoflite)

SALAVERRY was built in 1946 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6647grt, a length of 466ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 15 knots. Sister of the Salinas she was sold in 1967 for £150,000 to Detabi Cia. Nav. of Piraeus, Greece and renamed Pelias. On 12th december 1972 she sprang a leak in the engine room and sank some 250 miles south of Durban without any loss of life. (Photo: John Clarkson Collection)

SANTANDER was built in 1946 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 6648grt, a length of 466ft 4in, a beam of 62ft 9in and a service speed of 15 knots. Sister of the Salinas she was sold to Navmachos Steam Ship Co. of Famagusta for £147,500 in 1967 and renamed Navmachos. On 9th December 1971 she was sold for $166,000 and broken up in Spain by Villaneuva y Geltru. (Photo; John Clarkson Collection)

REINA DEL MAR was built in 1956 by Harland & Wolff at Belfast with a tonnage of 20263grt, a length of 600ft 10in, a beam of 78ft 5in and a service speed of 17 knots. Launched on 7th June 1955 and costing £5,000,000 she commenced her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Valparaiso via the Panama Canal on 3rd may 1956. At the time she was the largest, fastest and only fully air-conditioned passenger liner operating a regular service between the UK, France, Spain and the west coast of South America. On 5th March 1964 she completed her final South American voyage and was chartered to the South African Max Wilson's Travel Savings Association for cruising and transatlantic summer sailings. The shareholders of TSA became Canadian Pacific, Union-Castle and Royal Mail. During 1964 she was refurbished for her new role and equipped with a cinema and extra lido decks as it was also the intention to use the ship as a hotel at its ports of call. Under Union-Castle management the ship commenced her first sailing to New York on 10th June 1964. In the October Union-Castle became the sole owner of TSA but not the ship. However, in the November the ship was painted in Union-Castle livery and operated winter cruises from South Africa to South America; Union-Castles only venture into the cruise business. In 1969 Royal Mail became the registered owner of all PSNC ships but the Reina del Mar never traded under the Royal Mail umbrella and was chartered to Union-Castle for five years. In 1973 she was acquired by Union-Castle before the charter expired and traded for a further two years before being broken up at Kaohsiung in Taiwan by Tung Cheng Steel Co. in late 1975.

KENUTA (2) was built in 1950 by Greenock Dockyard Co. at Greenock with a tonnage of 8494grt, a length of 512ft 7in, a beam of 66ft 4in and a service speed of 16 knots. She was originally laid down for Clan Line but, together with the Flamenco, was purchased on the stocks in August 1950. After 21 years service with the company she was towed by the tug Mumbles to Antwerp where she was broken up. (Photo: Jim Pottinger)

FLAMENCO (2) was built in 1950 by Greenock Dockyard Co. at Greenock with a tonnage of 8491grt, a length of 512ft 7in, a beam of 66ft 4in and a service speed of 16 knots. Sister of the Kenuta she entered service in December 1950 on the South American PSNC service. She was sold to Cia. de Nav. Abeto S.A. and renamed Pacific Abeto. After a further sixteen years service she was broken up at Chittagong during 1982. (Photo: John Clarkson Collection)

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